OK sorry, I did interpret the "age" mention in a dispensationalist light.

But I still hold that Jesus was indeed speaking of the end of the world and not some vague passing from one age to another.

It's true that Jewish culture was totally dominated by Moses and the Law.

Or more correctly, it was dominated by extremely conservative Pharisee fundamentalists who used "Moses and the Law" as means to impose stifling control over their fellow Jews.

And yes Christ did represent a changing of the ages in the sense that he brought the new Covenant.

But still, the question was about 'the time of (Christ's) return and the end of the world'.

Clearly both Jesus and the disciples viewed this as a future event. Not a part of the already begun, rather gradual shift from legalism to grace but a catostrophic endtime event marking the end of history as they knew it.

Let's look at the whole passage.

Mt 24:5 For many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ; and shall deceive many.

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Could we really say that "many" came in Christ's name in the period between Mt 24 and the destruction of Jerusalem. I don't know of any who came pretending to be Christ during that time. Heretics yes, plenty of them,
but false Christs????
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6 And ye shall hear of wars and rumours of wars: see that ye be not troubled: for all these things must come to pass, but the end is not yet.
7 For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: and there shall be famines, and pestilences, and earthquakes, in divers places.

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At the time the Roman empire ruled the entire "civilized" world. The various wars and battles that did occur were minor Iraq-style colonialist invasions. No "nation" rose up against Rome.
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8 All these are the beginning of sorrows.
9 Then shall they deliver you up to be afflicted, and shall kill you: and ye shall be hated of all nations for my name's sake.

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This did not happen in the period between Christ and the destruction of Jerusalem. It happpened after.
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10 And then shall many be offended, and shall betray one another, and shall hate one another.
11 And many false prophets shall rise, and shall deceive many.
12 And because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold.
13 But he that shall endure unto the end, the same shall be saved.
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Here's the great falling away also described in 2nd Ths 2. An apostacy affecting many supposed Christians who because of events lose their faith.

It didn't happen in the period between Christ and the destruction of Jerusalem. It is happening now.
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14 And this gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in all the world for a witness unto all nations; and then shall the end come.
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Pretty clear that the gospel was not preached to all nations before the destruction of the temple.
It was barely getting started. Most of the world wasn't even discovered yet.
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15 When ye therefore shall see the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, stand in the holy place, (whoso readeth, let him understand:)
16 Then let them which be in Judaea flee into the mountains: ...
21 For then shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be.
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As bad as the conquest of Jerusalem may have been, it doesn't even come close to WW2 for "great tribulation".
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When the real thing comes along we will know it.